Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) develops the first computer network.
In 1963, the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) unit, set up by the USA. Defence Department, began to build a computer network. Driven by fear of the Sovier nuclear threat, it aimed to link computers at different locations, so researchers could share data electronically without having fixed routes between them, making the system less vulnerable to attacks-even nuclear ones.
Data was converted into telephone signals using a MODEM (MOdulator-DEModulator), developed at AT&T in the last 1950s. In the 1960s, key advances were made, including "packet switching"- the system of packing, labeling, and routing data that enables it to be delivered across the network between machines. Paul Baran (b.1926) proposed this system ,which broke each message down into the network, which would then route ("switch")the various pieces to the desired destination.So, if chunks of a message were travelling from Seattle to New York via Dallass suddenly went offline, the network would go by different routes, before being reassembled back into the original message at their destination, even if they arrived in the wrong order. Baran published his concept in the 1964, and five years later the network -called ARPANET-went live. As the threat of nuclear was receded in the early 1970s, ARPANET was renamed the INTERNET and effectively opened to all users. Since then, the development of e-mail, the creation of the World Wide Web, and browser technology has enabled the Internet to become a rich communications facility.
In 1963, the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) unit, set up by the USA. Defence Department, began to build a computer network. Driven by fear of the Sovier nuclear threat, it aimed to link computers at different locations, so researchers could share data electronically without having fixed routes between them, making the system less vulnerable to attacks-even nuclear ones.
Data was converted into telephone signals using a MODEM (MOdulator-DEModulator), developed at AT&T in the last 1950s. In the 1960s, key advances were made, including "packet switching"- the system of packing, labeling, and routing data that enables it to be delivered across the network between machines. Paul Baran (b.1926) proposed this system ,which broke each message down into the network, which would then route ("switch")the various pieces to the desired destination.So, if chunks of a message were travelling from Seattle to New York via Dallass suddenly went offline, the network would go by different routes, before being reassembled back into the original message at their destination, even if they arrived in the wrong order. Baran published his concept in the 1964, and five years later the network -called ARPANET-went live. As the threat of nuclear was receded in the early 1970s, ARPANET was renamed the INTERNET and effectively opened to all users. Since then, the development of e-mail, the creation of the World Wide Web, and browser technology has enabled the Internet to become a rich communications facility.
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