1. Valcanization (1839) Goodyear uses heat and sulfur to increase the usefulness of rubber. The idea of curing rubber goes back to prehistoric times. The Aztecs, for example, processed rubber by mixing latex with vine juice. However, vulcanization, as we now think of it, was invented by Charles Goodyear (1800-1860) in 1839 (according to his own account). Although Goodyear patented his invention in 1844, he died with huge debts in 1860. Named after Valcan, the Roman god of fire, valcanization is a process of curing rubber using high temperatures and the addition of sulfur. In its nature state, rubber is sticky, deforms when warm, and is brittle when cold. But by linking together the polymer molecules in rubber with bridges of sulfur atoms, it become much harder, less sticky, more resistant, and much more durable. As a result, valcanized rubber has a whole rang of useful applications, not least in sealing gaps between moving parts, thereby playing a crucial part in the development ...